High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of the Active Ingredients and Evaluation of Anti-caries Potential of Thai Propolis Extracts

Authors

  • John Erick B. Quiniquini, DMD, MScD Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Clinical Dental Health Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-7240
  • Pattama Chailertvanitkul, DDS, PhD Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
  • Waraporn Putalun, PhD Faculty of Pharmacy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
  • Nutthapong Kantrong, DDS, PhD School of Dentistry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
  • Waranuch Pitiphat, DDS, MPHM, MSc, ScD Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
  • Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit, DDS, PhD School of Dentistry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.9709

Keywords:

antibacterial activity, flavonoids, high performance liquid chromatography, phenolic compounds, Thai propolis extracts

Abstract

Objective. This study aimed to determine and quantify the presence of the active components in Thai propolis extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, the anti-caries potential of Thai propolis extract and its active ingredients were tested.

Methods. Fifty milligrams of Thai propolis were extracted using either 100%, 90%, 80%, or 70% ethanol and subsequently analyzed using HPLC with a mobile phase gradient system of 10-100% acetonitrile in 0.05% aqueous ortho-phosphoric acid, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and detection wavelength of 280 nm. Varying concentrations of Thai propolis extracts as well as four active ingredients were subjected to agar well diffusion test against the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) or Lactobacillus caseii (L. caseii).

Results. The concentrations of the four active ingredients: vicenin-2, vitexin, apigenin, and cinnamic acid, were significantly affected by ethanolic concentrations. The chromatographic peaks of all active ingredients from 70% and 80% ethanolic extracts appeared more defined, as compared to those which used higher concentrations of ethanol for extraction. Except for the absolute ethanolic extract, all of the examined propolis extracts, as well as its active ingredients inhibited both S. mutans and L. caseii.

Conclusions. Thai propolis extracts contain vicenin-2, vitexin, apigenin, and cinnamic acid as part of its active ingredients. These were found to be significantly affected by the increase in ethanol during its extraction. The presence of these active ingredients might have contributed to the anti-caries potential of Thai propolis extracts.

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Published

2024-10-14

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Articles

How to Cite

1.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of the Active Ingredients and Evaluation of Anti-caries Potential of Thai Propolis Extracts. Acta Med Philipp [Internet]. 2024 Oct. 14 [cited 2025 Apr. 4];. Available from: https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/acta/article/view/9709