Should Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine be used in the prophylaxis of COVID-19?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v54i0.2566Keywords:
covid-19Abstract
At present, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of BCG vaccine as prophylaxis for COVID-19.
- Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine is an attenuated microorganism derived from bovine tubercle bacillus and
is being given to prevent severe tuberculosis.
- BCG vaccination may enhance production of antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin
(IL)-1? and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). BCG may lead to increased CD4 and CD8 T-cell activity on subsequent
viral infection.
- Ecological studies on the effect of BCG vaccination policy on COVID-19 outcomes have conflicting results and
are prone to bias from confounders.
- There is insufficient evidence on the efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine for COVID-19 prophylaxis.
- Thirteen clinical trials are ongoing among high-risk groups (healthcare workers, elderly, police officers) to evaluate
the efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine in preventing COVID-19 and its severe symptoms.
- WHO does not recommend the use of BCG vaccine as prophylaxis against COVID-19.
- Adverse events of BCG vaccine range from mild local cutaneous reactions to systemic adverse events such as
abscess, lymphadenopathy and osteomyelitis.