The Relationship between HbA1c Levels and Leg Muscle Strength and Body Flexibility in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. These conditions contribute to impaired muscle function, including reduced muscle strength and flexibility, which may adversely affect mobility. However, the relationship between glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c, and physical function remains underexplored, particularly in Indonesia.

Objective. To examine the association between HbA1c levels and leg muscle strength and body flexibility among patients with T2DM.

Methods. This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with T2DM in primary health care facilities in Penjaringan and Mangga Besar sub-districts. HbA1c levels were measured using the Clover A1c Self Analyzer. Leg muscle strength and body flexibility were assessed using the 30-second Chair Stand Test and Sit-andReach Test, respectively. Data were analyzed using the independent (unpaired) t-test to compare outcomes between HbA1c groups.

Results. A total of 30 respondents were included. HbA1c levels ranged from 6.6% to 14.0% (mean 9.54%). Leg muscle strength ranged from 6 to 16 repetitions (mean 10.8), while body flexibility ranged from 5 to 22 cm (mean 13.2). Higher HbA1c levels were significantly associated with lower leg muscle strength (mean difference = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.03–4.03; p = 0.0018) and reduced body flexibility (mean difference = 2.70; 95% CI: 0.04–5.36; p = 0.0466).

Conclusion. HbA1c levels were significantly associated with both leg muscle strength and body flexibility among patients with T2DM. These findings underscore the potential impact of glycemic control on physical function.