Evaluation of Antihypertensive Drug Effectiveness and its Impact on Kidney Function in Hypertensive Patients at Atma Jaya Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

Background. Hypertension is defined as a persistent increase in blood pressure above normal levels. Its management relies heavily on antihypertensive drugs. However, when these medications are prescribed inappropriately or fail to work effectively, kidney function may decline. The success of antihypertensive therapy is primarily assessed by its ability to control blood pressure. Different treatment targets across guidelines highlight variations in prescribing practices, which may not always yield optimal results. More research is therefore needed to examine the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive patients and to clarify its relationship with kidney function at Atma Jaya Hospital.

Objective. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy and its relationship with kidney function in hypertensive patients treated at Atma Jaya Hospital.

Methods. This research used a descriptive-analytical design with a retrospective approach, analyzing 108 medical records. Kidney function was assessed by the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) using the CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation (2021), which accounts for age, sex, and serum creatinine levels. This calculation provided a comprehensive measure of kidney function, serving as a key variable in assessing the link between antihypertensive therapy and renal health. Data were processed through univariate and bivariate analyses.

Results. Antihypertensive therapy was effective in 54.63% of cases (59 patients). A decrease in kidney function was observed in 30.56% of patients (33 patients). Of these, 60.61% (20 patients) were on combination therapy with more than two drugs, 30.30% (10 patients) were on two-drug combinations, and 9.09% (3 patients) were on monotherapy (p = 0.178).

Conclusion. The effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy at Atma Jaya Hospital was 54.63%. No significant association was found between the type of antihypertensive therapy and kidney function (p = 0.178). Future studies should focus on primary healthcare settings, with particular attention to single-drug therapy, to enable more accurate comparisons with combination regimens. Long-term studies are also recommended to track changes in kidney function over time, taking into account patients’ baseline characteristics.