Cross-sectional Study on Health-seeking Behavior and Barriers to Perceived Usability of Medication Tracker among Middle-aged Adults in a Community in Marikina City

Abstract

Background and Objectives. Technological advancements are reshaping healthcare, particularly through mobile health (mHealth) applications that aid chronic disease management. Medication tracking apps, such as Simpill, have shown potential in improving outcomes for conditions like hypertension. However, disparities in digital literacy and concerns related to technology acceptance and privacy may hinder effective use. Grounded in the principles of the Design Thinking approach, this study sought to evaluate the relationship between health-seeking behavior (HSB), perceived barriers (PB), and the perceived usability (PU) of Simpill among middle-aged hypertensive adults. The research aimed to capture not only measurable associations but also to inform future app development through a user-centered lens that prioritizes empathy and real-world usability.

Methods. A quantitative, descriptive-correlational research design was employed to assess respondents’ HSB, PB, and PU related to Simpill. The study was guided by core phases of the Design Thinking framework, particularly empathize and define, to ensure a deep understanding of user needs and usability constraints. Data were collected using a four-part, researcher-modified questionnaire administered to 138 purposively selected middle-aged adults (30–59 years old) residing in Barangay Industrial Valley, Zone 6, Marikina City, Philippines. All participants had a confirmed diagnosis of hypertension. Correlational analyses, including Kendall’s Tau B, were conducted to examine relationships among the variables. The integration of Design Thinking informed the development and interpretation of questionnaire items, aligning them with real-world challenges experienced by the target users.

Results. The study investigated the relationship between HSB, PB, and the PU of Simpill among 138 middle-aged hypertensive individuals. Most respondents were female (55.8%), aged 50–59 (47.8%), and employed in non health-related sectors (95.7%). HSB levels were gene rally high (mean = 3.23), particularly in actively seeking health information, while lower engagement was noted in routine vital sign monitoring. PB were moderate (mean = 2.06), with unfamiliarity with the application cited as a common issue. PU was also rated as moderate (mean = 2.80), although ease of use received a low score (mean = 1.99). A weak positive correlation was found between HSB and PU (Kendall’s Tau B = 0.123, p = 0.049), while a moderate negative correlation existed between PB and PU (Tau B = -0.402, p <0.001). These findings reflect insights derived from the Design Thinking "empathize" phase, suggesting that while proactive health behaviors may modestly support app engagement, unresolved user pain points—such as poor usability and lack of familiarity—remain significant obstacles to adoption. The results underscore the importance of moving to the "ideate" and "prototype" phases, where such user insights can directly shape the redesign and improvement of mHealth tools.

Conclusion. The study identified a high level of health- seeking behavior, reflecting the respondents’ engagement with their health and openness to guidance, consistent with the user-empathy foundation of Design Thinking. Moderate perceived barriers highlight existing challenges in technology adaptation, particularly among those who prefer traditional methods. The moderate PU rating 
of Simpill, especially in terms of ease of use, suggests the app’s current design does not fully align with user capabilities or expectations. In line with Design Thinking principles, particularly user-centered innovation, the findings emphasize the need to involve users in iterative co-design processes to improve mHealth solutions. Addressing perceived barriers through enhanced digital literacy, usability testing, and interface refinement could substantially boost app acceptance and effectiveness in real-world settings.